By Ramzeen A V —

How to Get an SSL Certificate in 8 Steps

An SSL certificate is a critical security feature for any website, encrypting data and building trust with your visitors. Without it, browsers may flag your site as "not secure," deterring users and impacting your credibility. This guide will walk you through the process of obtaining an SSL certificate in eight simple steps, ensuring your website remains secure and professional.

Step 1: Gather Your Website Information

Before applying for an SSL certificate, make sure you have the following:

  1. Unique IP Address: Each SSL certificate requires a unique IP. This ensures compatibility across all browsers, even older ones. Use an online tool to verify your website’s IP.
  2. Accurate WHOIS Record: Ensure your domain’s WHOIS record is up-to-date, as the Certificate Authority (CA) will verify ownership using this information.
  3. Business Validation: For higher-level SSL certificates, such as Organization Validation (OV) or Extended Validation (EV), you may need to provide legal documents, like a government registration certificate.

Pro Tip: Avoid "mixed content" errors by ensuring all website elements (images, scripts, etc.) load over HTTPS instead of HTTP.

Step 2: Decide Which SSL Certificate You Need

SSL certificates vary by validation level and domain coverage. Choose based on your business requirements:

  1. By Validation Level:
    • Domain Validation (DV): Basic, cost-effective certificate suitable for small websites. Verifies domain ownership only.
    • Organization Validation (OV): Medium-level validation, suitable for business websites. Verifies domain ownership and business details.
    • Extended Validation (EV): The highest level of validation, recommended for eCommerce or financial sites. Verifies domain ownership, organization details, and legal existence.
  2. By Domain Coverage:
    • Single Domain: Protects one domain (e.g., example.com) but not subdomains.
    • Wildcard SSL: Protects a domain and all its subdomains (e.g., blog.example.com).
    • Multi-Domain SSL: Covers multiple domains under one certificate (e.g., example.com and example2.com).

Example: An eCommerce store that collects customer payment details should opt for an EV Wildcard SSL for maximum security and coverage.

Step 3: Choose a Reputable Certificate Authority (CA)

Your CA should offer reliable support, fit your budget, and provide the type of SSL certificate you need. Popular CAs include:

  • DigiCert: Known for enterprise-grade solutions.
  • GoDaddy: Ideal for small businesses.
  • Let’s Encrypt: A free, automated CA that provides basic SSL certificates.

Step 4: Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

A CSR is a file generated on your web server that contains information about your website, such as its domain name and organization. To create a CSR:

  • Access your hosting provider’s dashboard or server settings.
  • Follow their specific steps to generate the CSR. Each host (e.g., cPanel, Plesk) will have unique instructions.

Step 5: Submit the CSR to Your Chosen CA

Once your CSR is ready:

  1. Go to the website of your chosen CA.
  2. Select the SSL certificate type you need and complete the purchase process.
  3. Upload your CSR during checkout or submit it via your CA’s dashboard.

Step 6: Await Validation by the Certificate Authority

The validation process varies depending on the certificate type:

  • DV SSL: Can be issued in minutes after confirming domain ownership.
  • OV SSL: May take a few hours as the CA verifies business information.
  • EV SSL: Can take several days due to thorough background checks.

Step 7: Install Your SSL Certificate

After approval, the CA will issue your SSL certificate. Follow these steps to install it:

  1. Download the certificate from the CA’s dashboard.
  2. Access your web hosting account or server.
  3. Upload and activate the certificate. Check your hosting provider’s documentation for specific instructions.

Pro Tip: Install the SSL certificate sitewide to avoid errors and maximize security.

Step 8: Test and Maintain Your SSL Certificate

Your SSL certificate is live, but the work isn’t over. Regular maintenance ensures optimal performance.

  1. Test Your SSL: Use tools like SSL Labs or SSL Shopper to verify proper installation and check for potential issues, such as mixed content errors.
  2. Set Renewal Reminders: SSL certificates typically last for 1-2 years. Renew them on time to avoid expiration.
  3. Monitor for Errors: Regularly check that all pages load securely and address any browser warnings immediately.

Pro Tip: Automate SSL renewals with Let’s Encrypt or your hosting provider to save time and ensure uninterrupted protection.

Can You Get a Free SSL Certificate?

Yes! Many hosting providers include free SSL certificates as part of their packages. For example:

  • Bluehost: Includes a free Let’s Encrypt SSL with all hosting plans.
  • SiteGround: Offers free SSL certificates with automated renewals.
  • HostGator: Provides free SSL for both personal and business websites.

To activate a free SSL certificate, follow your hosting provider’s instructions, often available in their knowledge base or control panel.

Common Questions About SSL Certificates

Q1. Do SSL Certificates Improve SEO?
Yes, Google considers HTTPS a ranking factor. An SSL certificate can improve your website’s trustworthiness and help boost its ranking.

Q2. Is a Free SSL Certificate Safe?
Yes, free SSL certificates (like those from Let’s Encrypt) provide the same encryption as paid ones. However, they lack features like extended validation and comprehensive support.

Q3. Can I Transfer an SSL Certificate?
Yes, but the process can be complicated. Contact your hosting provider for guidance on transferring an SSL certificate to another host or domain.

Q4. What Happens If My SSL Certificate Expires?
Your website will display a security warning, deterring visitors. Renew your certificate before it expires to maintain trust and functionality.

Q5. How Do I Fix Mixed Content Errors?
Ensure all URLs (images, scripts, etc.) use HTTPS instead of HTTP. Use tools like WhyNoPadlock or browser developer tools to identify and fix these issues.

Conclusion

Obtaining an SSL certificate is crucial for website security, SEO, and user trust. By following these 8 steps, you can secure your site effectively. Whether you choose a free certificate or a paid one, prioritize testing and maintenance to keep your website running smoothly.

SSL certificates aren’t just about encryption—they’re about showing visitors that their safety matters to you.